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- NATION, Page 33Giving Peace a Chance
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- A new antiwar movement is mobilizing, but it is not like the one
- that protested U.S. involvement in Vietnam
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- Americans are notoriously impatient with foreign adventures,
- so perhaps it was just a matter of time before doubts about
- going to war with Iraq spread from the coffee shops and op-ed
- pages into the mainstream. In the past few weeks a spattering
- of antiwar vigils and thinly manned marches has grown in size
- and fervor. There is still a long way to go before a million
- people march on Washington -- but the voices of dissent can now
- be heard, and often from unlikely sources.
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- For all the sentimental reveries and tie-dyed rhetoric
- employed by such veteran protesters as Ramsey Clark and Daniel
- Ellsberg, the peace movement of 1990 only faintly resembles
- that of the Vietnam era. More than anything, its members seem
- to want to support the President's policy of standing up to
- Saddam Hussein and defending Saudi Arabia. But Bush's sudden
- switch two weeks ago from a defensive to an offensive strategy
- has raised all sorts of questions. Have sanctions been given
- enough time to work? Is the U.S. shouldering too much of the
- burden? Should the President proceed without approval from
- Congress? "It's not an antiwar movement so much as it is a
- process question, a sense that we should be debating the issues
- more before we act," says the Rev. William Phillippe of the
- Presbyterian Church's committee on social-witness policy.
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- On the front line of that debate are those whose sons and
- daughters are on the front line in the gulf. The Military
- Families Support Network, for example, grew out of an open
- letter to President Bush from Alex Molnar, a professor of
- education at the University of Wisconsin -- Milwaukee, whose
- son Christopher is a Marine corporal in Saudi Arabia. "If, as
- I expect, you eventually order American soldiers to attack
- Iraq," he wrote, "then it is God who will have to forgive you.
- I will not." After the New York Times published his letter,
- Molnar received thousands of calls from people wanting to join
- forces. "We're not joining coalitions; we're not conscientious
- objectors," says Molnar. "We're inventing ourselves as we go
- along."
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- Many parents of soldiers have no experience with grass-roots
- protest -- but they are learning quickly. What is most
- wrenching for them is the fear that their dissent might somehow
- suggest a betrayal of their children. "It scares me to think
- my son might be very angry if he thought I was not totally in
- support, in admiration and love for all the men and women in
- the service over there," says Leona Murray, who attends weekly
- vigils in Hyannis, Mass., while her 19-year-old son,
- infantryman Jay Coull, patrols in Saudi Arabia. "I certainly am
- not protesting their actions. I'm protesting a government that
- would take such drastic steps for very cloudy reasons."
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- Despite the high profile of some recycled radicals, the
- current crop of dissenters is not limited to the usual
- suspects. It embraces the National Coalition of American Nuns,
- the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee and the Unitarian
- Universalists Against Apartheid. "You don't normally see
- students marching with welfare recipients and trade unionists
- and veterans," says Stevan Kirschbaum, a Boston bus driver and
- vice president of the United Steelworkers of America Local
- 8751. "But it's a reflection of both how broad the movement is
- now and the lessons that everyone's learned from Vietnam."
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- Each constituency has its own motive. Civil rights groups
- are questioning the justice of going to war when perhaps
- one-third of the armed forces in the gulf are minorities.
- Religious groups are condemning the failure to place more faith
- in peaceful means of resolving conflict. Veterans groups are
- challenging the wisdom of threatening a war without explaining
- its goals -- a sharp departure from 20 years ago, when the
- very idea of large numbers of veterans questioning America's
- defense policy was virtually unimaginable.
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- Largely absent from the movement so far are college
- students, who formed the nucleus of protest against the Vietnam
- War. "Students are the natural constituency of protest because
- they have the time and energy," says Gerald Marwell, professor
- of sociology at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison. But so
- far he hasn't seen much concern: "For one thing, there is no
- draft, so people are not so personally at risk."
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- In one sense the gulf crisis has turned everyone into a
- student. The public response resembles a massive cram session,
- as earnest people try to understand the complex forces at work
- and calculate the potential costs, human and material, of going
- to war. Until the Administration makes clear whether its goal
- is to defend Saudi Arabia, or protect the flow of oil, or free
- Kuwait, or crush Saddam, or punish aggression, or all of these,
- the public may not be able to find much justice in the cause
- -- or judge whether it is a goal worth dying for.
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- By Nancy Gibbs. Reported by Christine Gorman/New York and Gavin
- Scott/Chicago.
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